解讀新公民法案

舊法案

新法案

•Residence for three out of four years (1,095 days); 4年內住滿3年(1,095天)

•No requirement that resident be physically present; 不要求實際居住在加拿大

•Time as a non-permanent resident (non-PR) may be counted toward residence for citizenship; 成為永久居民之前的居住時間也可以折算在等待成為公民的期限內

•No intent to reside provision沒有“居住意向”條款

•Requires physical presence for four years (1,460 days) out of the six years; 6年內住滿4年(1,460天)

•183 days minimum of physical presence per year in four out of six years;要求每年實際居住在加拿大不少於183天

•Eliminates use of time spent in Canada as a non-permanent resident (non-PR); 成為永久居民之前的居住時間不再折算為等待成為公民的期限的一部分

•Introduces “intent to reside” provision引入“居住意向”條款

•Adult applicants aged 18–54 must meet language requirements and pass knowledge test; upper age limit of 54 currently established by policy, not in legislation; 18到54歲的成年申請人必須滿足語言要求並通過入籍考試；54歲的年齡上限是由政策設定，而不是立法

•Applicants can meet knowledge requirement with assistance of an interpreter申請人可以在翻譯人員的幫助下完成入籍考試

•Requires applicants aged 14–64 to meet language requirements and pass knowledge test; 14到64歲的申請人必須滿足語言要求並通過入籍考試

•Applicants must meet knowledge requirement in English or French申請人必須用英語或法語完成入籍考試

•Most “Lost Canadians” had their citizenship restored in 2009, but some were not covered by that change and are not eligible for citizenship大多數”或有公民身份”的人在2009年被給予了身份，但在那時沒有被給予的將不再有資格申請成為公民

•Extends citizenship to “Lost Canadians” born before 1947 as well as their 1st generation children born abroad在1947年以前出生的“或有公民身份”的人和他們的出生在海外的下一代將被給予公民身份

•Bars getting citizenship from people with domestic criminal charges and convictions

在加拿大境內有犯罪指認或已定罪的被禁止成為公民

•Expands bar on getting citizenship to people with foreign criminal charges and convictions

無論加拿大境內境外，只要被指認犯罪或定罪的都被禁止成為公民

•Consultants not required to be registered or regulated in order to represent individuals in citizenship manner; 代理入籍申請的顧問可以是沒有註冊的或非受監管的

•Few tools to deter fraud and ensure program integrity; 很少有辦法能制止身份欺詐並保證程序的公正性

•Fines and penalties for fraud are a maximum of $1,000 and/or one year in prison對身份欺詐的處罰最多$1,000罰金且/或監禁一年

•Defines who is an authorized representative and provides authority to develop regulations to designate a regulatory body whose members would be authorized to act as consultants in citizenship matters; 只有律師和ICCRC成員才可以代理入籍申請

•Authority to refuse applicant for fraud; fines and penalties for fraud are a maximum $100,000 and/or five years in prison對於由於身份欺詐不授予公民身份給予權威性解釋；對身份欺詐的處罰最多$10,000罰金且/或監禁五年

•Governor in Council (GIC) final decision maker for citizenship revocation公民權的撤銷由GIC做最後裁定

•Gives Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) Minister authority to decide on routine revocation cases移民部部長有權決定一般的公民權撤銷案件

•Complex revocation cases such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, security, other  human or international rights violations, and organized criminality decided by the Federal Court複雜的公民權撤銷案件由聯邦法院裁決

•GIC final decision maker on discretionary grants of citizenship對公民身份賦予的裁量是由GIC做最終決定

•Gives CIC Minister the authority to decide on discretionary grants of citizenship對公民身份賦予的裁量是由移民部長做最終決定

•Limited authority to define what constitutes a complete application對於完整申請的定義缺乏權威性解釋

•Establishes authority to define what constitutes a complete application and what evidence applicants must provide對於完整申請的定義以及申請人必須提供的證明建立了權威性解釋

•Citizenship grant is a three-step decision-making process公民身份的授予分為三個步驟

•Changes citizenship grant to a single-step process that reduces duplication and improves processing times公民身份的授予減少為僅一個步驟，從而減少冗餘提高審批效率

•No requirement to file Canadian income taxes to be eligible for a grant of citizenship申請入籍不要求加拿大的報稅記錄

•Requires adult applicants to file Canadian income taxes, as required under the Income Tax Act, to be eligible for citizenship申請入籍的成年人必須有加拿大的報稅記錄

•No authority to revoke citizenship for acts against Canada’s national interest對於損害加拿大國家利益的行為撤銷公民身份缺少權威性解釋

•Establishes the authority to revoke Canadian citizenship from dual citizens and deny it to PRs who were members of an armed force or an organized armed group engaged in armed conflict with Canada對於那些曾經是與加拿大有武裝衝突的有組織武裝力量的成員，他們的公民身份被撤銷，或已經移民但被拒絕申請入籍的情況都給予了權威性解釋

•Authority to revoke Canadian citizenship and deny it to PRs who are convicted of terrorism, high treason, treason, or spying offences, depending on the sentence received對於那些曾經是恐怖分子，叛國分子或間諜，他們的公民身份被撤銷，或已經移民但被拒絕申請入籍的情況都給予了權威性解釋

•No fast-track mechanism for citizenship for members of the military to honour their service to the Canadian Armed Forces and address deployment challenges對於因服務於加拿大軍隊並且完成調度指令而獲榮譽的軍事成員，沒有開設獲得公民身份的快速通道

•Creates a fast-track mechanism for citizenship for PRs serving with—and individuals on exchange with— the Canadian Armed Forces to honour their service to Canada對於因服務於加拿大軍隊並且完成調度指令而獲榮譽的軍事成員(永久居民)，特別開設了獲得公民身份的快速通道